什么是代词？

什么是代词？我们一起跟着英语老师来了解关于什么是代词？用法语音分享，点击下面的mp3即可收听！

Imagine you are watching an American film or television show – a mystery, for example. You hear one of the actors say the following words:
想象您正在看美国电影或电视节目-例如，一个谜。您会听到其中一位演员说以下话：

“I myself am going to Boston…”
“我本人要去波士顿…”

You might stop and think about what you heard. Why would the speaker say, “I myself…”?
您可能会停下来想一想您听到的声音。演讲者为什么会说：“我自己…”？

That question will be our subject on Everyday Grammar. Today, we will explore the mysterious world of intensive pronouns.
这个问题将成为我们日常语法的主题。今天，我们将探索密集代词的神秘世界。

But first, what exactly is a pronoun? www.ienglishcn.com
但是首先，代词到底是什么？

Pronouns 代词

Pronouns are words that take the place of nouns in a sentence.
代词是在句子中代替名词的单词。

There are three terms you need to understand: personal pronouns, reflexive pronouns, and intensive pronouns. We will explore each in turn.
您需要了解三个术语：人称代词，反身代词和强化代词。我们将依次探索每一个。

Personal pronouns are words such as my or our. Personal pronouns have different forms depending on where they are in the sentence. They can take the place of the subject, object, and so on.www.ienglishcn.com
人称代词是诸如我或我们的词。人称代词根据其在句子中的位置而具有不同的形式。它们可以代替主题，对象等。

Personal pronouns are the starting place for reflexive pronouns. English speakers generally make reflexive pronouns by adding the terms –self or –selves to the personal pronoun.
人称代词是反身代词的起点。讲英语的人通常通过在人称代词后面加上“自己”或“自己”来造反语代词。

For example, in the first person, the singular pronoun my becomes myself; the plural pronoun our becomes ourselves.
例如，在第一人称中，单数代词my成为我自己；复数代词我们变成了我们自己。

Before we get to intensive pronouns, let us stop and think about why pronouns are useful.
在讨论强化代词之前，让我们停下来思考一下代词为什么有用。

Consider this sentence:
考虑一下这句话：

“Bob hit Bob while Bob was hammering a nail.”
“鲍勃在打钉子时鲍勃打了鲍勃。”

Note that the noun, Bob, appears three times in the sentence. Such a sentence is a little clumsy – much like poor Bob!
请注意，名词Bob在句子中出现了3次。这样的句子有点笨拙–很像可怜的鲍勃！

What if some of the nouns were replaced by pronouns? Then, the sentence could be:
如果某些名词被代词代替怎么办？然后，该句子可能是：

Bob hit himself while he was hammering a nail.
鲍勃在敲钉子时打自己。

Or this: 或这个：

Bob hit himself while hammering a nail.
鲍勃锤打钉子时打自己。

In each sentence, the noun Bob appears once. The word himself, a reflexive pronoun, refers to Bob. And the personal pronoun he also means Bob.
在每个句子中，名词Bob出现一次。他这个单词是反身代词，指的是鲍勃。人称代词他也指鲍勃。

What about intensive pronouns?
强化代词呢？

Intensive pronouns have the same form as reflexive pronouns. The difference is in how they are used.
重音代词的形式与反身代词相同。不同之处在于它们的使用方式。

How to use intensive pronouns
如何使用强化代词

In a sentence, the intensive pronoun serves as an appositive – a word or group of words that renames a noun. Appositives tell more information about a noun or noun phrase.www.ienglishcn.com
在一个句子中，重音代词充当辅助词-重命名名词的单词或一组单词。助词告诉有关名词或名词短语的更多信息。

Imagine you hear some Americans talking about their favorite food. You might hear one of them say any one of the following lines:
想象一下，您听到一些美国人在谈论他们最喜欢的食物。您可能会听到其中之一说出以下任一行：

Myself, I prefer pizza.
我自己，我更喜欢披萨。

I myself prefer pizza.
我自己更喜欢披萨。

I prefer pizza myself.
我自己更喜欢披萨。

In our examples, the intensive pronoun myself renames the subject of the sentence – the word I.
在我们的示例中，重音代词本人自己将句子的主题重命名为单词I。

Note that the intensive pronoun appears at the beginning, middle, or end of the sentence. It does not have to appear next to the noun or pronoun that it is renaming, although in many cases it does.
请注意，重音代词出现在句子的开头，中间或结尾。尽管在许多情况下确实如此，但它不必出现在要重命名的名词或代词旁边。

You might be wondering why English speakers use the intensive pronoun. It refers to the same thing as the subject of the sentence. What information could it add?
您可能想知道为什么讲英语的人使用密集代词。它与句子的主题所指的事物相同。它可以添加什么信息？

The answer is this: the intensive pronoun gives more emphasis or force to a statement. That is why intensive pronouns are sometimes called emphatic reflexive pronouns.
答案是这样的：强化代词给予陈述更多的强调或力量。这就是为什么强化代词有时被称为强调反身代词的原因。

If you are unsure whether a word is acting like an intensive pronoun or reflexive pronoun, you can do a kind of test.
如果不确定某个单词的作用像是强化代词还是反身代词，则可以进行某种测试。

If you remove the intensive pronoun, the sentence should still be complete. This is because appositives give more information. You can remove the information and the sentence will still work.www.ienglishcn.com
如果删除重音代词，则该句子仍应完整。这是因为食用助剂会提供更多信息。您可以删除信息，该句子仍然有效。

For example:
例如：

I told him myself.
我自己告诉他的。

Becomes:
成为：

I told him.
我告诉他了。

Now let’s do the same test on a sentence with a reflexive pronoun:
现在，我们对带有反身代词的句子进行相同的测试：

He cut himself while shaving.
他剃须时割伤自己。

If you remove himself, the sentence is no longer complete.
如果您将自己删除，则该句子不再完整。

Closing thoughts
总结思想

We began this report with the line from an imaginary film or television show:
我们从假想电影或电视节目的台词开始这份报告：

I myself am going to Boston.
我本人要去波士顿。

Now you know that the speaker used the words “I myself…” to add more force to the statement. Perhaps she has had a disagreement with someone else about where to go. Perhaps she wants to show that she has made a different choice.www.ienglishcn.com
现在您知道讲话者使用了“我自己…”一词为声明增加了力量。也许她与其他人对去哪儿没有意见。也许她想表明自己做出了不同的选择。

The next time you are watching a program, listen to how the speakers use intensive pronouns. Over time, you will begin to understand the important information that such pronouns can give.
下次您观看节目时，请听演讲者如何使用密集代词。随着时间的流逝，您将开始理解这些代词可以提供的重要信息。

I’m John Russell.
我是约翰·罗素。

And I’m Ashley Thompson.
我是Ashley Thompson。
_____________________________________________________________

Words in This Story 这个故事里的话

plural – adj. grammar: relating to a form of a word that suggests more than one person or thing
复数语法：与暗示多个人或事物的单词形式有关

hammer – v. to force (something) into a place or shape by hitting it with a hammer; n. a tool with a heavy metal head
锤–通过用锤子将（某物）压入某个地方或形状；。带有重金属头的工具

clumsy – adj. moving or doing things in a very uneasy or difficult way; badly made or done
笨拙的以非常不安或困难的方式移动或做事；做得不好

phrase – n. a group of two or more words that express a single idea but do not usually form a complete sentence
短语– n。一组两个或多个表达单个想法但通常不构成完整句子的单词

prefer – v. to like (someone or something) better than someone or something else
更喜欢–诉求（某人或某物）比某人或某物好

shave – v. to cut off hair or something else very close to the skin
刮脸–剪掉头发或其他非常靠近皮肤的东西

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我们希望收到你的来信。在评论部分给我们写信。

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