2014年考研英语一阅读真题及答案解析

2014年考研英语一阅读真题及答案解析：

2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题

Section I Use of English
Directions: 
Section I Use of English Read the following text Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and  mark A, B, C or Don the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) 
As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what  they used to be.  We suddenly can’t remember 1   we put the keys just a moment ago,  or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2    , we  refer to  these occurrences as  “senior moments.” 3    seemingly innocent, this  loss of mental focus can potentially have a(n)  4 impact on  our  professional, social, and personal 5   . Neuroscientists, experts who  study the  nervous system, are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be  done. It  6    out that the brain needs exercise in  much the  same way our  muscles do, and the  right mental _J_ can  significantly  improve  our  basic cognitive土.Thinking is essentially a   9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10  in  making the  connections that drive intelligence is  inherited. 11   ,  because these connections are  made through effort and  practice, scientists believe that  intelligence can  expand and  fluctuate 12 mental effort. Now, a  new Web-based company has  taken it  a  step—13_ and developed the first “brain training program” designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 The Web-based program 15   you to  systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The  program keeps 16 of  your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and  improvement Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the  strengths you  are  developing much like  a(n) 20   exercise  routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your  muscle use. 

1. [A] that[B] when[C] why[D] where
2. [A] fades[B] improves[C] collapses[D] recovers
3. [A] Unless[B] While[C] Once[D] If
4. [A] damaging[B] limited[C] uneven[D] obscure
5. [A] relationship[B] environment [C] wellbeing[D] outlook
6. [A] figures[B] finds[C] points[D] turns
7. [A] responses[B] associations [C] workouts[D] roundabouts
8. [A] genre[B] criterion[C] circumstances [D] functions
9. [A] channel[B] process[C] condition[D] sequence
10. [A] persist[B] feature[C] excel[D] believe
11. [A] However[B] Moreover[C] Otherwise[D] Therefore
12. [A] according to [B] regardless of  [C] apart from[D] instead of
13. [A] back  [B] further [C] aside [D] around
14. [A] framework [B] stability [C] flexibility [D] sharpness
15. [A] hurries [B] reminds [C] allows [D] forces
16. [A] order [B] track [C] pace[D] hold
17. [A] on [B] to [C] for[D] with
18. [A] habitually [B] constantly [C] irregularly[D] unusually
19. [A] carry [B] put  [C] build[D] take
20. [A] idle  [B] risky [ C] familiar[D] effective

Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A 
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or  D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) 
https://www.ienglishcn.com/
Text 1 
In  order to  “change lives for  the  better” and  reduce “dependency”, George Osborne, Chancellor of the  Exchequer, introduced the  “upfront work search” scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be  more reasonable? More apparent reasonableness followed. There will  now be a  seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not  looking to  sign on,” he  claimed. “We’re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and  help those on  benefits get  into work faster.” Help? Really? On first hearing, this  was the  socially concerned chancellor, trying to  change lives for  the  better, complete with “reforms” to  an  obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we  were to understand, was his zeal for  “fundamental fairness” protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits. Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the jobcentre with a song in  your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially  terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and  you  know that  support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are  now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay  the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job. But in  Osborneland, your first instinct is  to  fall into dependency permanent dependency if you can get it   supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is  as  though 20  years of ever-tougher reforms of the job  search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of  British welfare is  no  longer  that you  can  insure yourself against the  risk  of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if  the  disaster happens. Even the  very phrase “jobseeker’s allowance” is about redefining the unemployed as a  “jobseeker” who had no fundamental right to a benefit he or  she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the  claimant receives a  time-limited “allowance,” conditional on  actively seeking a  job; no entitlement and no insurance, at £71. 70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU. 

21. George Osborne’s scheme was intended to[A] encourage jobseekers’ active engagement in job seeking.[B] provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits.[C] guarantee jobseekers’ legitimate right to benefits.[D] motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily.
22. The phrase “to sign on” (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means[A] to check on the availability of jobs at thejobcentre.[B] to accept the government’s restrictions on the allowance.[C] to register for an allowance from the government.[D] to attend a governmentaljob-trainingprogram.
23. What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?[A] A desire to secure a better life for all.[B] An eagerness to protect the unemployed.[C] An urge to    be generous to the claimants.[D] A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.
24. According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel[A] uneasy.[B] insulted.[ C] enraged.[D] guilty.
25. To which of the following would the author most probably agree?[A] Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.[B] The British welfare system indulges jobseekers’ laziness.[C] The jobseekers’ allowance has met their actual needs.[D] Osborne’s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.

Text2 
All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any  other profession with the  possible exception of journalism. But  there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America. During the  decade before the  economic crisis, spending on  legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever  more students to  pile  into law schools. But  most law graduates never get  a  big-firm job. Many of  them instead  become the  kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare. There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at  one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an  expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard. www.ienglishcn.comReforming the  system would help both lawyers and  their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for  a  long time, but  the  state-level bodies that  govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for  the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stem enough test for a would­be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a  third. The other reason why costs are  so  high is  the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in  the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any  share of a  law  firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically. In  fact, allowing non-lawyers to  own shares in  law  firms would reduce costs and improve services to  customers, by  encouraging law  firms to  use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on  improving firms’ efficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow. 

26. A lot of students take up law as their profession due to[A] the growing demand from clients.[B] the increasing pressure of inflation.[C] the prospect of working in big firms.[D] the attraction of financial rewards.
27. Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most Americanstates?[A] Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.[B] Receiving training by professional associations.[C] Admissions approval from the bar association.[D] Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major.
28. Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from[A] the rigid bodies governing the profession.[B] lawyers’ and clients’ strongresistance.[C] the stem exam for would-be lawyers.[D] non-professionals’ sharp criticism.
29. The guild-like ownership structure is considered “restrictive” partly because it[A] prevents lawyers from gaining due profits.[B] bans outsiders’ involvement in the profession.[C] aggravates the ethical situation in the trade.[D] keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares.
30. In this text, the author mainly discusses[A] the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America.[B] a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions toit.[C] the role of undergraduate studies in America’s legal education.[D] flawed ownership of America’s law firms and its causes.

Text3 
The US$3-million Fundamental Physics Prize is  indeed an  interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March. And it  is  far  from the  only one  of its  type. As  a  News Feature article in Nature discusses, a  string of lucrative awards for  researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are  funded from the  telephone-number-sized bank accounts of  Internet entrepreneurs.These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science. What’s not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted m  the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as  the  old  saying goes, and  these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy  their prizes the prestige of the Nobels. The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius. The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to  better  reward those who have made their careers in  research. As Nature has  pointed out  before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes both new and old are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an  unrepresentative view of  what the life sciences include. But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per  prize, each of whom must still be  living, has  long been outgrown by  the collaborative nature of modem research as  will be  demonstrated by  the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course, themselves set  up by  a  very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his  own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy. As  much as  some scientists may complain about the  new awards, two  things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a  prize if  they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science  rather than go  elsewhere. It is  fair to  criticize and question the mechanismthat is the culture of research, after all but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace. 

31. The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as[A] a symbol of the entrepreneurs’ wealth.[B] a handsome reward for researchers.[C] a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes.[D] an example of bankers’ investments.
32. The critics think that the new awards will most benefit[A] the profit-oriented scientists.[B] the achievement-based system.[C] the founders of the new awards.[D] peer-review-led research.
33. The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves[A] legitimate concerns over the new prizes.[B] controversies over the recipients’ status.[C] the joint effort of modern researchers.[D] the demonstration of research findings.
34. According to Paragraph 4, which of the following is true of the Nobels?[A] History has never cast doubt on them.[B] Their endurance has done justice to them.[C] They are the most representative honor.[D] Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.
35. The author believes that the new awards are[A] unworthy of public attention.[B] subject to undesirable changes.[C] harmful to the culture ofresearch.[D] acceptable despite the criticism.

Text4
 “The Heart of the Matter,” the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and  Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for  affirming the  importance of the humanities and  social sciences to  the  prosperity and  security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good. In  2010, leading congressional Democrats and  Republicans sent letters to  the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others” to “maintain national excellence in  humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.” In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on  the Humanities and  Social Sciences. Among the commission’s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism. The goals identified in  the report are generally  admirable.  Because representative government presupposes an  informed citizenry, the  report supports full  literacy; stresses the  study of history and  government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the  report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in  the  21 st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs. Unfortunately, despite 2½  years in  the  making, “The Heart of  the Matter” never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and  universities. The commission ignores that for  several decades America’s colleges and  universities have produced graduates who don’t know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its  benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and  social sciences as  vehicles for  publicizing “progressive,” or  left­liberal propaganda. Today, professors  routinely treat the  progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or  classical liberal ideas such as  free  markets and  self-reliance as  falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation. The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for  liberal education. Yet its report may well set  back reform by  obscuring the  depth and  breadth of the  challenge  that Congress asked it to illuminate. 

36. According to Paragraph 1, what is the author’s attitude toward the AAAS’ s report?[A] Critical.[B] Appreciative.[C] Contemptuous.[D] Tolerant.
37. Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to[A] define the government’s role in education.[B] safeguard individuals’ rights to education.[C] retain people’s interest in liberal education.[D] keep a leading position in liberal education.
38. According to Paragraph 3, the report suggests[A] an exclusive study of American history.[B] a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects.[C] the application of emerging technologies.[D] funding for the study of foreign languages.
39. The author implies in Paragraph 5 that professors are[A] supportive of free markets.[B] conservative about public policy.[C] biased against classical liberal ideas.[D] cautious about intellectual investigation.
40. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Ways to Grasp “The Heart of the Matter”[B] Illiberal Education and “The Heart of the Matter”[C] The AAAS’s Contribution to Liberal Education[D] Progressive Policy vs. Liberal Education

PartB 
Directions: 
The following paragraphs are given ma wrong order. For Questions 41-45,  you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a  coherent text by  choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A and E have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
 [A]  Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable for example,the  Parthenon in  Athens, Greece; the  pyramids of  Giza in  Egypt; and themegaliths of Stonehenge in  southern England. But these sites are  exceptionsto  the  norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by  means of carefulsearching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge,an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literallyfell  into its  deep valley in  1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to  lightduring the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.
[B]  In  another case, American archaeologists Rene Million and  George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of  Teotihuacan in  the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this  city  was  one of the  largest human settlements in   the world. The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived. 
[C] How do  archaeologists know where to  find what they are  looking for whenthere is nothing visible on  the surface of  the ground? Typically, they surveyand sample (make test  excavations on)  large areas of  terrain to  determinewhere excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and  test samples havealso become important for  understanding the  larger landscapes that containarchaeological sites.
[D]  Surveys can  cover a  single large settlement or  entire landscapes. In  one  case, many researchers working around the  ancient Maya city  of Copan, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by  making surveys on  foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and  density of the rural population around the  city  changed dramatically between AD  500  and  850, when Copan collapsed.
[E]  To  find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on  systematic survey methods and a  variety of  high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as  different types of  radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to  learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields.
 [F]  Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by  archaeologists who have set  out  to  look for  them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the  tomb of  the  Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in  other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the  Kings for  seven years before he  located the  tomb in  1922. In  the  late  1800s British archaeologist Sir  Arthur Evans combed antique dealers’ stores in  Athens,  Greece. He  was searching for  tiny engraved seals attributed to  the  ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the  1400s  to  1200s BC. Evans’s interpretations of   these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knos6s ), on the island of Crete, in 1900. 
[G]  Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a  lot of walking, looking for  surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a  certain amount of digging to  test  for  buried materials at  selected points across a  landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by  using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the  landscapes around sites. Two­and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in  planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the  results of archaeological research. 
[41.]–[A] –[42.]– [E] — [43]. -[44.] –[45.]

PartC 
Directions: 
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be  written neatly on  the  ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Music means different things to   different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be  poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is  purely and  exclusively physical: sound. I  believe it  is precisely this permanent coexistence of  metaphysical message through  physical means that is the strength of music. ( 46) It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is  articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself. Beethoven’s importance in  music has been principally defined by  the revolutionary nature of his  compositions. He  freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. ( 4 7) By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and  I  find courage an  essential quality for  the  understanding, let  alone the performance, of his  works. This courageous attitude in  fact  becomes a  requirement for  the  performers of Beethoven’s music. His  compositions demand the  performer to  show courage, for example in the use of dynamics. (48) Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an  extreme intensity and  then abruptly following it  with a  sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him. Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He  was not interested in daily politics, but  concerned with questions of  moral behavior and  the  larger questions of right and  wrong affecting the  entire society. ( 49) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for  him, was associatedwith the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thoughtand of personal expression.Beethoven’s music tends to  move from  chaos to  order as  if order  were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that  may lead to  the  Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It  is  not  by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but  the  second, so  that suffering does not  have the  last  word. (50) One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living. 

Section田Writing 
PartA 
51.Directions:
Write a letter of about 100 words to the president of your university,suggesting how to improve students’physical condition. 
You should include the details you think ne cessary. 
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. 
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. 
Do not write the address. (10 points) 
PartB 
52.Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In youressay, you should 
1)describe the drawing briefly,
2) interpret its intended meaning, and
3)give your comments.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)

2014年考研英语一阅读真题答案解析：

优秀范文
①The re are two photos of a mothe r  a nd a daughter. ②One was tak e n 30 years ago s howin g the young mother holding  h er  daughter’s  ha nd and t he  o th e r  has been recently gotte n  recording t he daug hter s upporting he r mother with hand.③Scenes have cha nged; but w hat remains uncha nged is the ir swe巳tand contented smile.
 ①The two photos reflect t he deep love between t he mothe r  a nd t he daught巳r,bring in g comforting relief from fr equently r eported stay-at- home children and elder mistreatment cases.②As t he world becomes m a terially  r ich, wealth accumulation and pursuit  of comfort have becom e  a fashion trend.③Many  young  adults  influe nce d  have become irrespons ible parents  or  unfilia l  children.④Some  leave t he ir children at hometown w here living cost is lower a nd the ir parents can h elp dea l with t iring   child ra is ing.⑤They intentionally or unintentionally ignore the detrimental effects of the lack of parental involvement o n their children.。＠Som e turn a blind eye to t he ir r espons ibility towards parents.⑦ They selfishly think taking car e  of parents  w ill disturb their vibrant personal life  and increase th巳ireconomic  b urden.
 ①T hese young people disca rd the most important: e lement for happiness一themutua l  love within a family a nd unw isely  ge t temporary comfo rt at the expense of long term happiness.②A  per son  of  w is dom s hould  place experie ncing family love at th巳topo f his  life’s  prio11t1es. 

参考译文
①有一对母女的两张照片。②一张拍摄于30年前，上面是年轻的妈妈牵着女儿的手；另一张是最近拍摄的，上面是女儿搀扶着母亲。③场景发生了变化，但不变的是她们甜美、满足的笑容。①两张照片反映了母女之间深厚的爱，使经常报道的留守儿童和虐待老人事件带来的负面心情得到一定缓解。②随着世界变得物质充裕，财富积累和对舒适的追求成为流行趋势。③许多受流行趋势影响的年轻人成为不负责任的父母或者不孝顺的孩子。④一些人将孩子留在老家，在那儿生活戚本更低，也有自己的父母帮着分担带孩子的累人任务。⑤他们有意或者无意忽略养育过程中父母：缺位给孩子带来的有害影H向。⑤一些人无视对父母的责任。⑦他们自私地认为照顾父母会影响他们充满活力的个人生活，并增加l他们的经济负担。
①这些年轻人舍弃了幸福最重要的因素一一－家人之间的亲情，不明智地为得到暂时的舒适而牺牲长期的幸福。②一个明智的人应该将感受天伦之乐列于人生优先排序列表中靠前的位置。

［必备表达］
1. comforting ［α．］让人舒服的2.  relie f  [ n . ］解脱62 

3. stay-at-home children留守儿童
4 . e ld er mistreatment 虐待老人
5.  w ea lth accumulation财富积累
6. fa s hion trend流行［｜才尚
7. unfilia l ［α．］不孝的
8 . living cost生活成本
9 . intentionally [ad.］有意地
10. ignore the detrimental effects of. ..忽略．…的有害影响
11. the  lack  of parental involvement父母缺位
12. s e lfi s hl y ［αd. J自私地
13 .  vibrant ［α．］充满活力的
14. di scard [v.］舍弃

［活用外干I]]
1. Police  in Britain in creasingly turn a blind eye to assisted  suicide. 一一－TheEconomist
译文：英国警方对医助自杀越发视而不见。
点拨：turna blind eye to意为toignore  something and pre t end you do not see it（忽视某事物，假装没看见），可替换常用表达payno attention to。
2. Whils t the s e jurisdict ions undoubtedly benefit some rich individua ls and multinational corporatio ns, this b en efit  is at the expense of othe r s , and the y  th e r efore serve to increase inequality.一一一lndependent 
译文：这些司法辅区无疑’对富人和1跨国公司有利，但这种益处是以牺牲他人利益为代价的，它们由此助长了不平等。
点拨：atthe expe nse of意为tothe disadvantage of someone（对某人不利，以某人利益为代价），可替换常用表达tot h e harm of。
［篇章衔接］
第一段（3旬）：描述图片。①句明确图片中人物关系。②句对比展现两幅照片的区别。③句分析照片体现的情感共性，为归纳主题做铺垫。
第二段（7旬）：论述图片主旨，从图片宣扬的道德观出发，揭露当前社会背景。①句明确图片情感主题，并由情感的抚慰作用引出当前的社会问题。②句指出社会问题的背景。③至⑦句阐述社会问题的表现：③句总述两种表现，④⑤句具体说明第一种表现，＠⑦句具体说明第二种表现。
第三段（2旬）：明确观点，发出呼吁。①句评论当前社会问题。②句提出应该采取的行为。
〔思路拓展］
针对道德宣扬的话题，如诚信、互助等，在第一段描述图片后，第二段可如范文所示，从反面入手指出当前社会问题，说明社会背景并阐述问题表现；也可正面论述传统美德的积极影响等。第三段亦可如范文所示，批驳此种不良社会问题并发HiI呼吁。
［应用模饭］
①There are two p hotos of .  ②One was taken ①有的两张照片。②一张拍years ago showing and the oth e r has b een 摄于年前，表现了；另一张recently gotten  r eco rdin g .  ③S cen es  have changed 是最近拍摄的，表现了。③场景but w hat r emains unc hanged  is 发生了变化，但不变的是(The two photos re门剧, bringmg a ①两张照片反映了，使经常comforting r elief   from fr equently r eported cases. 报道的带来的负面心情得到一定(A s , become a fashion trend.(Many 缓解。②随着, 成为流行young adults influe nced becom e (Some ® They int e ntio nally or unintentiona lly d eny the detrimenta l  eff ects o f o n . ® Some 趋势。③许多受流行趋势影响的年轻人成为。④一些人。⑤他们有意或者无意忽略给带来的有害影响。⑥一些人。⑦他们(T h ey self is hl y  think 自私地认为63 
①Thes巳youngpeople discard the most important ①这些年轻人舍弃了幸福最重要的e lement for happiness一and unwisely get 因素一一，极度不明智地为得到temporary at the expense of long term 暂时的而牺牲。②一个明(A person o f  w is dom should list at the top of his 智的人应该将列于人生优先排序life’s  priori t ies. 列表中靠前的位置。
模板注释：第二段以“一些人……，另一些人……”引出两个角度展现当前社会问题。第三段总结全文，强调主题。
三、写作储备
［话题表述补充］demographic ageing /population ageing人口老龄化；growfrail变得体弱；losemental acuity思维不再敏捷；helpparents financially给父母提供经济帮助；visitparents regularly定期看望父母
［写作素材积累］
Confuciu s  said that w hile  a man’s parents were alive, h e should not travel far afie ld. 孔子曰“父母在不远游。，，
On July lst,2013 th巳governmentintroduced a  law to require  childre n to vis it or keep in touch with t he ir  elde rl y parents. 
2013年7月1日政府颁布了一项法律，规定孩子必须看望年迈父母或者与他们沟通、交流。
Ther e are 185m people  over  60 today, a nd that figure will grow to 487m by 2053, according to t h e C hina National Committee on Ageing.据中国全国老龄协会报道，今天60岁以上的人口有1亿8500万，到2053年这一数字会到4亿8700万。

2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题参考答案

Section I: Use of English (10 points) 
1-5:  DABAC
6-10: DCDBC
11-15:AABDC
16-20:BABCD

Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points) Part A (40 points) 
21-25:ACDAA
26-30:DDABB
31-35:BCCBD
36-40:ADCCB

Part B (10 points) 
41-45: C-F-G-D-B

Part C (10 points) 
46．这也就是为什么当我们试图用语言描述音乐时，我们只能明确表达我们对音乐的感受，而不能完全理解音乐本身。
47．人们普遍认为，他（贝多芬）是个思想自由、充满勇气的人，我发现勇气这一品质，是理解他作品的关键，更不必说是演出和其作品。
48．贝多芬习惯最大限度来逐渐增高音量，然后突然跟上轻柔的乐段，在他之前，作曲家很少使用这种方式。
49．尤为重要的是贝多芬对于自由的看法，他认为，这种自由是与个人权利和责任联系起来的。他提倡思想自由和个人表达自由。
50．我们可以这样解释贝多芬的大部分作品：苦难是不可避免的，但是与痛苦抗争的勇气使得生命值得继续。